Diabetes Panel

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a lab value that reflects how much glucose has attached to hemoglobin inside red blood cells over time. It is often listed as HbA1c on a blood test and is reported as a percentage. As a panel result, it helps show longer-term blood sugar exposure rather than a single moment in time.

Fasting Glucose is a lab value that measures the concentration of glucose in a blood sample collected after a fasting period. It is commonly used in a Fasting Glucose test and helps describe how much circulating sugar is present at that moment. On a lab report or blood test, Fasting Glucose is usually interpreted alongside other diabetes-panel values and the stated reference range.

Insulin is a hormone measured in blood that helps show how the body is handling glucose at the time of testing. An Insulin test result is often reviewed with glucose and related markers to give context for the lab report. Insulin on a blood test can vary with fasting status, recent meals, and other day-to-day factors.

C-Peptide is a blood measure related to insulin production. On a C-Peptide blood test, the result helps show how much C-Peptide is present and how it compares with the C-Peptide reference range. In diabetes panels, a C-Peptide test is often used alongside glucose and related markers to give a broader view of blood chemistry.

Fructosamine is a lab value that reflects how much glucose has attached to proteins in the blood over the past 2 to 3 weeks. On a Fructosamine on a lab report, it is used as a short-term marker of average blood sugar exposure rather than a single-day reading. Fructosamine on a blood test is often reviewed with other blood values to show broader patterns in blood chemistry.

Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) is a calculated value that estimates average blood sugar over time from a hemoglobin A1c result. On a lab report, eAG helps translate A1c into familiar glucose units, making the result easier to read. It is commonly shown alongside other diabetes-related markers and is reported in mg/dL or mmol/L.

HOMA-IR is an index that estimates how much insulin resistance is present using fasting glucose and fasting insulin. On a lab report or blood test, it helps summarize how the body is responding to insulin rather than measuring a single blood component directly. HOMA-IR is often reviewed with other diabetes panel results to give a broader picture of glucose and insulin balance.

Glycated Albumin (GA) is a blood measurement that reflects how much albumin has glucose attached to it. It is reported as a percentage and is often read alongside other blood test values on a Glycated Albumin on a lab report or Glycated Albumin on a blood test. GA helps describe recent changes in blood sugar exposure over a shorter window than older average markers.